Conditions let your program make decisions. You test an expression, and depending on whether it is true or false, a different block of code runs.
Comparison operators
- == equal to / === equal and of the same type.
- != not equal to.
- > greater than / < less than.
- >= and <= greater/less than or equal to.
The if / else structure
- if tests a condition.
- elseif tests another condition if the first one is false.
- else runs when no condition is true.
For example: if $age >= 18 you display “Adult”, otherwise “Minor”. You can also combine conditions with && (and) and || (or).
Key point: be careful not to mix up = (assignment) and == (comparison). It is the classic beginner’s mistake.